Marburg virus, cut-away illustration. This tubular RNA (ribonucleic acid) virus causes Marburg haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Symptoms of the disease include fever, muscle pain, rash, diarrhoea and haemorrhage. The virus was first documented in 1967 in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and in Belgrade in Yugoslavia.
What are the symptoms of Marburg virus? And is there a cure? (Picture: Getty Images/Science Photo Libra)

Fears of an outbreak of a lethal virus with no cure have risen through Europe after railway passengers in Germany began to show symptoms.

The Marburg virus kills up to 88% of people who contract the disease, causing victims to develop a haemorrhagic fever and even bleed from their eyes before their death.

Officers cordoned off Hamburg Central Station for several hours yesterday, sending commuters scrambling for safety.

Two travellers, a medical student and his girlfriend, were on the ICE high-speed train which had arrived from Frankfurt when they started to show symptoms.

The student, 26, had previously arrived by plane from Rwanda where at least people have died from an outbreak.

He had also been in contact with an infected patient.

UK health chiefs have demanded businesses monitor employees who are sent to visit Rwanda.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has said the outbreak in the African nation is of ‘great concern’.

What are the symptoms?

Marburg virus starts like a harmless flu, with a fever, headache and muscle pains.

Within days, those infected suffer from excessive bleeding – including from the eyes- a rash, extreme lethargy and blood-stained vomit and diarrhoea.

During the journey it is reported the travellers both developed flu-like symptoms.

But it remains unclear whether the pair have indeed been infected with the Marburg virus, fire department spokesperson Christian Wolte said.

HAMBURG, GERMANY - APRIL 21: The Hamburg Hauptbahnhof (Hamburg Central Station) is seen during a nationwide warning strike of the EVG railway workers labour union on April 21, 2023 in Hamburg, Germany. The EVG is holding the strike, which is running today from 3am until 11am and bringing long distance and most regional rail services nationwide to a halt, in an effort to put pressure on German state-owned rail carrier Deutsche Bahn ahead of wage negotiations scheduled for next week. Today's is the second nationwide rail strike within the last month. (Photo by Morris MacMatzen/Getty Images)
Part of Hamburg Central Station was cordoned off by police (Picture: Getty)

Are there any cases of Marburg virus in the UK?

There haven’t been any reported cases yet in the UK.

One case was imported into Scotland in December 2014, where the patient was a healthcare worker who had been working in an Ebola treatment centre in Sierra Leone.

How is it spread?

Marburg can spread from human-to-human through bodily fluids and contaminated materials such as bedding and clothing.

As of now, the majority of victims have been health workers in the intensive care unit.

It is thought the virus results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by infected bats.

In 1967 two large outbreaks occurred in Germany and Serbia and were found to have originated from laboratory work using African green monkeys from Uganda.

BAts hanging in a cave/
It is through the virus results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by infected bats (Picture: Getty Images/Johner RF)

Is there a cure?

There are no specific treatments or a vaccine, but a range of blood products, drug and immune therapies are being developed, according to WHO.

Days after Rwanda announced an outbreak of the Marburg virus, authorities have introduced a set of measures on gatherings to control the spread.

The country’s health minister Sabin Nsanzimana said last week: ‘We are counting 20 people who are infected, and six who have already passed away due to this virus.

‘The large majority of cases and deaths are among healthcare workers, mainly in the intensive care unit.’

Is there a travel ban in place anywhere?

The World Health Organization has advised against all travel to Rwanda due to the deaths of eight people who contracted the virus.

On September 27, 2024, the World Health Organization announced an outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda, marking the first occurrence of the virus in the country.

The Ministry of Health has confirmed 26 cases, including eight deaths, with reported cases in districts such as Gasabo, Gatsibo, Kamonyi, Kicukiro, Nyagatare, Nyarugenge, and Rubavu. Most of the deceased were healthcare workers in Kigali.

The risk of travellers becoming infected or developing Marburg virus disease is extremely low. There is as yet no proven treatment available for Marburg virus disease.

A WHO spokesman said: ‘It is important for people showing Marburg-like symptoms to seek care early for supportive treatment which can improve patient survival.

‘WHO assesses the risk of this outbreak as very high at the national level, high at the regional level, and low at the global level.’

The fever has killed 11 people in Rwanda while there are 36 confirmed cases.

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