While most people are aware of the common symptoms of diabetes, such as increased thirst, frequent urination and fatigue, there’s a lesser-known warning sign that needs attention. Cindy Cai, an ophthalmologist from The John Hopkins Hospital, has shed light on a less recognised eye issue linked to diabetes, amid fears it’s the ‘leading cause of blindness in American adults’.
“We have great treatments for diabetic retinopathy,” Cai shared in an online blog. “However, it is important to get regular eye examinations so that your doctor can offer you these treatments as soon as you might need them.”
Diabetic retinopathy, a complication of diabetes caused by uncontrolled blood sugar levels at the back of the eye, can damage the retina – a layer of photoreceptors vital for our vision – potentially leading to blindness if not diagnosed. The NHS emphasises that it would take ‘several years for diabetic retinopathy to reach a stage where it could threaten your sight’, but it’s crucial to seek treatment.
The health body explains: “The retina is the light-sensitive layer of cells at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals. The signals are sent to the brain which turns them into the images you see. The retina needs a constant supply of blood, which it receives through a network of tiny blood vessels.
“Over time, a persistently high blood sugar level can damage these blood vessels in three main stages[…] However, if a problem with your eyes is picked up early, lifestyle changes and treatment can stop it getting worse.”
Cai stressed the need for regular eye tests and making lifestyle changes to lower blood pressure and cholesterol. She also advised giving up smoking to protect eye health, reports Surrey Live.
“In addition to getting your eyes checked, it’s also very important to keep the blood sugars under control. This is not only good for you overall, but also good for your eyes,” she added.
Are you at risk of diabetic retinopathy?
You’re more likely to develop the condition if you have type one or type two diabetes, with the risk increasing if you have:
- Have had diabetes for a long time
- Are pregnant
- Are of Asian or Afro-Caribbean background
- Have/had high blood pressure for a long time
- Have high cholesterol
- Are pregnant