Canada’s Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland quit on Monday after clashing with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on issues including how to handle possible U.S. tariffs, dealing a huge blow to an already unpopular government.
In a stinging resignation letter, Freeland dismissed Trudeau’s push for increased spending as a political gimmick that could hurt Ottawa’s ability to deal with the 25% import tariffs U.S. President-elect Donald Trump says he will impose.
The resignation by Freeland, 56, who also served as deputy prime minister, is one of the biggest crises Trudeau has experienced since taking power in November 2015. It also leaves him without a key ally when he is on track to lose the next election to the official opposition Conservatives.
“The government of Canada is itself spiraling out of control,” Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre told reporters, repeating calls for an immediate election.
“We cannot accept this kind of chaos, division, weakness, while we’re staring down the barrel of a 25% tariff from our biggest trading partner … we simply cannot go on like this,” he told reporters.
Freeland said she was quitting in the wake of a meeting last Friday with Trudeau, who asked her to take on a lesser post after the two had argued for weeks over spending.
A Liberal source said Trudeau wanted Freeland to serve as minister without portfolio dealing with Canada-U.S. relations in name only – in effect a major demotion.
Large deficit
Her resignation came just hours before she was due to present a fall economic update to parliament, a document widely expected to show the minority Liberal government had run up a much larger 2023/24 budget deficit than predicted.
Officials said the document would be unveiled on Monday as planned but gave no details.
“This will likely trigger a leadership crisis within the Liberal caucus … (it) is politically and personally devastating for Trudeau,” said Nik Nanos, founder of the Nanos Research polling firm.
Polls show the ruling Liberals, who have been in power since November 2015, are set to be crushed in an election that must be held by late October 2025.
Freeland, a former journalist, served as trade minister and then foreign minister before taking over the finance portfolio in August 2020. As minister, she oversaw the massive government spending campaign to deal with the damage done by COVID.
Colleagues were clearly stunned.
“This news has hit me really hard and I’ll reserve further comment until I have time to process it,” said an emotional Anita Anand, president of the Treasury Board.
Trudeau has been under pressure for months from Liberal legislators alarmed by the party’s poor polling numbers, in part due to unhappiness over high prices.
But he is safe for now, since Canadian political leaders are chosen by special conventions.
‘Bombshell’ decision
“This is quite a bombshell,” said Nelson Wiseman, political science professor at University of Toronto. “I think the problem the Liberals have is that they have no mechanism to remove Trudeau. Only a full blown caucus revolt could do that.”
Trudeau’s minority government, which needs support from other legislators to stay in power, has so far been kept in power by the left-leaning New Democrats.
In a statement reacting to Freeland’s resignation, party leader Jagmeet Singh made no mention of whether he would continue to continue propping up Trudeau.
Canada’s 10-year note yields climbed to their highest level since November 28. They were last up 4.2 basis points at 3.2%. The Canadian dollar weakened to a four and a half year low at 1.4268 per U.S. dollar before reversing course.
Domestic media reports said Freeland and Trudeau had clashed over a government proposal for temporary tax breaks and other spending measures.
“For the last number of weeks, you and I have found ourselves at odds over the best path forward for Canada,” Freeland said in a letter to Trudeau posted on X.
Freeland said the threat of new U.S. tariffs represented a grave threat.
“That means keeping our fiscal powder dry today, so we have the reserves we may need for a tariff war. That means eschewing costly political gimmicks, which we can ill afford,” she wrote.
When Trump came to power in 2017 he vowed to tear up the trilateral free trade treaty with Canada and Mexico. Freeland played a large role in helping renegotiate the pact and saving Canada’s economy, which is heavily reliant on the United States.
Although tensions between prime ministers and first ministers are not unusual – Trudeau’s first finance minister quit in 2020 in a clash over spending – the level of invective in Freeland’s letter was remarkable by Canadian standards.
“On Friday, you told me you no longer want me to serve as your Finance Minister and offered me another position in the Cabinet… you made clear that I no longer credibly enjoy that confidence and possess the authority that comes with it,” Freeland said.
“Upon reflection, I have concluded that the only honest and viable path is for me to resign from the Cabinet.”
Freeland left the same day as Housing Minister Sean Fraser announced he was resigning for family reasons. Another six ministers have either already quit or announced they will not be running again in the next election.
Before entering politics in 2013, she worked as a journalist and in senior editorial roles with several media companies, including the Financial Times, the Globe and Mail, and Reuters News where she worked from 2010 to 2013.
One potential replacement could be former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney, who already serves as an economic advisor to Trudeau. Carney, though, is not a legislator and tradition dictates he would need to run for a seat in the House of Commons elected chamber.