Despite over 17 million flu jabs being doled out this year, the UK is grappling with a surge in flu cases as Christmas approaches. The NHS is under immense strain, tackling a variety of viruses from flu to RSV and norovirus, which typically spike during winter.
Dr Jamie Winn from Universal Drugstore sheds light on the seasonal trend and offers insight into distinguishing between a common cold and more severe illnesses. Dr Winn remarked: “Viruses that cause flu and the common cold thrive in cold temperatures, meaning cases are more likely to rise as we head into the winter months. Studies show that viruses, especially flu, travel better in dry air, and colder temperatures mean dryer air.
“With the festive season, we also see an increase in travel which can help to spread any cold and flu viruses around the country. People also tend to increase their alcohol consumption at this time of year, something which can lower the immune system and make us more susceptible to catching viruses.”
Dr Winn explained the importance of staying vigilant with flu shots: “There are many different strains of the flu virus, and these are constantly evolving, that’s why it’s important to stay on top of flu vaccinations as they update each year. Some strains of flu and the common cold can be worse than others and this can be based on lots of different factors such as if you’ve had that strain before and if your immune system is used to it, some strains mutate more rapidly than others, outsmarting vaccines and treatments, and some strains may transmit more easily.”
Regarding contagion, Dr Winn clarified: “Yes, both the common cold and flu are contagious and are transmitted through tiny droplets in the air, usually passed on through coughs, sneezes, and talking. These viruses can actually survive on surfaces, with flu lasting for up to 48 hours on hard surfaces.”
He highlighted when individuals are most likely to spread the virus: “People will be most contagious with the flu three to four days after their symptoms begin, but you can transmit it before you even feel sick. In order to help prevent the spread, it’s important to practice good hygiene, such as hand washing and using tissues, avoid close contact with others if you have symptoms, and ensure the space you’re in is well-ventilated.”
Finally, Dr Winn differentiated the two illnesses: “The common cold and the flu belong to two different viruses, common colds are rhinoviruses whereas flu is from influenza strains. Typically the flu tends to be more severe, with more sudden symptoms, and can lead to more complications.
“Each virus usually presents with slightly different symptoms with typical flu symptoms including a high fever, body aches, and chills. Alternatively, the common cold usually causes a productive cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion.”
Are flu vaccinations important?
Dr Winn said: “Flu vaccinations are incredibly important, not just for yourself but also for community protection. A regular flu jab will stop you from getting sick and can prevent further complications. It also carries the benefit of keeping your immunity high against new strains. Secondary to this, regular flu jabs also help protect more vulnerable members of your family and community and reduce the strain on healthcare systems.”
How can I treat the flu and common cold?
Dr Winn said: “When it comes to treating the flu, it’s important to get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids. To treat symptoms you can look at using common over-the-counter medications. Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with headaches, muscle aches, and fever. Guaifenesin can loosen mucus to clear your airways.
“Pseudoephedrine can help with a stuffy nose while an antihistamine such as chlorpheniramine can stop a runny nose. And if you are coughing, look for products with dextromethorphan. You can find most of these medications in combination products marketed for cold and flu symptoms.
“If you are diagnosed with the flu within 48 of the start of your symptoms, your healthcare provider may prescribe you antiviral drugs such as Tamiflu or Xofluza. Treating the common cold isn’t much different, but it’s important to spot when your condition may have become more serious. With either the flu or a cold, consider visiting a doctor if your symptoms persist for over a week or if you have a high temperature, difficulty breathing, or other signs of infection.”